Quantification of the Microwave Effect in the Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfonated MIL-101(Cr)

The potential benefits of microwave irradiation for fructose dehydration into 5 hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) have been quantified over a sulfonated metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL 101(Cr)-SO3H. effects temperature (140–170 °C), batch time (5–300 min), and catalyst-to-substrate ratio (0.1–0.01 g/g) were systematically mapped. After 10 min (MW) at 140 °C in DMSO–acetone reaction medium, practically complete conversion was obtained with 70% yield 5-HMF. Without MW, i.e., using conventional heating (CH) the same conditions, limited to 13% without any 5-HMF yield. Rather, 90 CH required reach similarly high profound impact moving from towards MW conditions on kinetics, also denoted as effect, has through kinetic modeling via change Gibbs free energy transition state. results revealed an eight-fold rate coefficient enhancement owing irradiation, while dependence various steps almost completely disappeared investigated range operating conditions.